keep mum: Idiom Meaning and Origin

The idiom "keep mum" has various meanings and uses, and its origins are still a subject of debate. This highly familiar expression means to remain silent or keep quiet about something. Its usage can be seen in numerous contexts, from personal relationships to legal situations and even espionage.

One intriguing theory suggests that "keep mum" may have originated from the Old English word "mūma," which referred to the sound or noise made by a dumb person. In this context, the idiom could have served as an admonishment to keep quiet, taking into account that a dumb person is unable to speak. This etymological connection offers a plausible explanation for the literal meaning of the phrase.

Another possible origin of the idiom can be traced back to the Latin phrase "mum's the word," which translates to "silentium est aurum" or "silence is golden." This Latin expression aligns with the concept of maintaining silence or secrecy, reinforcing the idiomatic usage of "keep mum." While there is no direct evidence linking "keep mum" to this Latin phrase, the similarity in meaning is noteworthy.

Throughout history, the phrase "keep mum" has appeared frequently in literature. For instance, in William Shakespeare's play Henry VI, Part II, the character Jack Cade says, "Be brave, for your captain is brave and vows reformation. There shall be in England seven half-penny loaves sold for a penny. The three-hooped pot shall have ten hoops; and I will make it a felony to drink small beer. All the realm shall be in common, and in Cheapside shall my palfrey go to grass. And when I am king – as king I will be... Keep mum, ye notorious vipers!" This usage showcases the idiom being employed in a more literal sense of keeping silent or quiet.

The idiom "keep mum" has also made its way into popular culture. In the 1971 film "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory," the character Mr. Salt uses the idiom when he exclaims, "I can't have a cuckoo in my clock! Mum's the word!" This popular usage further solidifies the idiom's place in everyday language.

So, while the exact origin of the idiom "keep mum" remains uncertain, it is widely recognized and used to convey the idea of remaining silent or maintaining secrecy. Whether coined from Old English or influenced by Latin phrases, the idiom has found a firm footing in literature and popular culture, underscoring its lasting relevance and impact.

The related idiom "mum's the word" echoes the sentiment of "keep mum" by emphasizing the importance of silence and secrecy. It conveys the idea that one should refrain from sharing or disclosing information. This expression is often used colloquially to caution someone to keep quiet about a particular topic. Whether it is a matter of discretion, privacy, or confidentiality, "mum's the word" urges individuals to maintain strict silence and not utter a single word about the subject at hand.

A similar idiom that aligns with the concept of preserving secrecy is "keep a low profile." This saying advises individuals to avoid drawing unnecessary attention to themselves or their actions. By keeping a low profile, one reduces the risk of becoming a target or arousing suspicion. This idiom is commonly used in various settings, such as in the business world or even in personal life, as a reminder to stay discreet and refrain from attracting unwanted attention.

The idiom "hold one's tongue" shares a close association with "keep mum" due to their shared focus on remaining silent. It suggests a conscious effort to refrain from speaking out or voicing one's thoughts or opinions. "Hold one's tongue" implies self-control and the ability to resist the urge to speak, even in situations where one may find it tempting to do so. This idiom is often employed when individuals need to exercise caution or restraint in their communication, emphasizing the importance of silence over potentially harmful or disruptive speech.

Similarly, the phrase "hold one's peace" underscores the significance of maintaining silence, especially in a social or formal setting. It encourages individuals to refrain from speaking out or interrupting others, allowing the peace or order to prevail. By holding their peace, individuals demonstrate respect for the topic or the speaker at hand and avoid creating unnecessary disruptions or conflicts. This idiom is frequently used in situations where it is essential to follow social norms and maintain a calm and peaceful environment.

An idiomatic expression that resonates closely with the idea of keeping information concealed is "keep a lid on." This saying emphasizes the need to keep a tight control over something and prevent its disclosure or release. "Keep a lid on" is often used in situations where the information or situation at hand could create chaos or unrest if it were to be exposed. By keeping a lid on things, individuals exercise control and prevent the information from spreading, ensuring that it remains contained within a specific group or limited to a select few.